The Brief History of China
Chinese history refers to the history of China from the birth of Chinese civilization to the present. China has a long history, which has been over 5,000 years since the time of Ji Xuanyuan (also known as Gongsun Xuanyuan) of the yellow emperor(Huang Di) tribe,about 4,600 years from the Three Sovereignsand Five emperors(San Huang Wu Di), approximately 4,100 years Since the Xia dynasty (2070 B.C.-1600 B.C.) and about 2,240 years since the Qin dynasty(221 B.C.-206 B.C.), when China was at the first time unified and centralized.
China has gone through many regime and dynasty changes, which was once the most powerful country in the world and got the great achievement in aspects of economy, science and culture .
In the prehistoric period of China, the two emperors of Yan Di( -3076B.C.) and Huang Di(2697B.C.-2597B.C.) were regarded as the human and culture ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Around 2070 B.C., the Xia dynasty (2070 B.C.-1600B.C.), the earliest state in China, arised. Then the Eastern Zhou(770B.C.-256 B.C.) promoted the development of productive forces and social reform, and a hundred schools of thought contended in East Zhou dynasty. In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang established the first unified autocratic centralized empire in Chinese history,which was the Qin dynasty(221 B.C.-206 B.C.). In the Western Han dynasty (202 B.C.-8 A.D.) further consolidated and developed this unified situation. During the Three Kingdoms(220 A.D.-280 A.D.), the Jin(265 A.D.-419A.D.), the Southern and Northern dynasties(420 A.D.-581 A.D.), China fell into the situation of being divided into many small states. The trend of the different ethnic minorities integrating into China was getting strengthening, and many ethnic minorities gradually converged in the conflicts of divided political power. During the Sui(581 A.D.-618 A.D.) and Tang (618 A.D.-907 A.D.)dynasties, the central government was more closely connected with the border minorities, which strongly promoted the prosperity of economy and the development of science,technology and culture . During the Song (960A.D.-1279A.D.) and Yuan (1206 A.D.-1368 A.D.) dynasties the collision and integration of diverse cultures appeared ,and the development of economy,science and technology reached to a new level. At the heyday of the Ming dynasty(1368 A.D.-1644A.D.), the social economy was highly developed. Capitalism sprouted in south of China at the end of Ming dynasty.
In the mid-19th century, after the opium war (1840-1842A.D.), China became into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The 1911 revolution overthrew the monarchy and established the republic instead of monarchy. But the fruits of victory were stolen by Yuan Shikai, and China entered a period of chaos under the rule of warlords after he died.Then after the nationalist revolution(1924-1927),the ten-year civil war(1927-1937), the eight-year Anti-Japanese war(1937-1945), and the liberation war(1945-1949), the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 in Beijing . China began to implement the reform and opening-up policy after 1978, and its economy was developed rapidly. In 2011, China surpassed Japan to become into the second-largest economy in the world.
| THE BRIEF CHART OF CHINESE CHRONOLOG ( B.C.—Before Christ ; A.D.—Anno Domini ) |
| The Name of Dynasty | Starting & Ending Time | Capital | The Present Location | The Founder or First Emperor of A New Era |
| Xia Dynasty (the first slavery dynasty of China) | 2070—1600 B.C. | An yi | Xia County ,Shanxi province | Yu |
| Shang Dynasty | 1600—1046 B.C. | Bo | Shang Qiu, Henan province | Tang |
| Zhou Dynasty | Western Zhou | 1046—771 B.C. | Haojing | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Ji Fa, King Zhouwu |
| Eastern Zhou | 770—256 B.C. | Luoyi | Luoyang, Henan province | Ji Yijiu, King Zhouping |
| Spring and Autumn period | 770—476 B.C. | | | |
| Warring States | 475—221 B.C. | | | |
| Qin Dynasty (the first feudal dynasty of China) | 221—206 B.C. | Xianyang | Xianyang, Shanxi province | Yingzheng（the first emperor of China |
| Western Chu | 206---202 B.C. | Pencheng | Xuzhou, Jiangsu province | Xiangyu |
| Han Dynasty | Western Han | 202B.C.—8 A.D. | Chang’an | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Liubang |
| Xin | 9 –23 A.D. | Chang’an | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Wangmang |
| Eastern Han | 25—220 A.D. | Luoyang | Luoyang, Henan province | Liuxiu |
| Three Kingdoms | Wei | 220---265 A.D. | Luoyang | Luoyang, Henan province | Caopi |
| Shu Han | 221—263 A.D. | Chengdu | Chengdu, Sichuan province | Liubei |
| Wu | 222---280 A.D. | Jianye | Nanjing, Jiangsu province | Sunquan |
| Jin Dynasty | Western Jin | 265---316 A.D. | Luoyang | Luoyang, Henan province | Si Mayan |
| Eastern Jin | 317---419A.D. | Jiankang | Nanjing, Jiangsu province | Si Marui |
| Southern Dynasty | Song | 420---479 A.D. | Jiankang | Nanjing, Jiangsu province | Liuyu |
| Qi | 479---502 A.D. | Jiankang | Nanjing, Jiangsu province | Xiao Daocheng |
| Liang | 502---557 A.D. | Jiankang | Nanjing, Jiangsu province | Xiaoyan |
| Chen | 557---589 A.D. | Jiankang | Nanjing, Jiangsu province | Chen Baxian |
| Northern Dynasty | Northern Wei | 386---534 A.D. | Pingcheng | Datong, Shanxi province | Tuo Bagui |
| Eastern Wei | 534---550 A.D. | Yecheng | Linzhang, Hebei province | Yuan Shanjian |
| Western Wei | 535---556 A.D. | Chang’an | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Yuan Baoju |
| Northern Qi | 550---577 A.D. | Yecheng | Linzhang, Hebei province | Gaoyang |
| Northern Zhou | 557---581 A.D. | Chang’an | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Yuwen Jue |
| Sui Dynasty | 581---618 A.D. | Daxing | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Yangjian |
| Tang Dynasty | 618---907 A.D. | Chang’an | Xi’an, Shanxi province | Liyuan |
|
Five Dynasties | Later Liang | 907---923 A.D. | Bian | Kaifeng, Henan province | Zhuhuang |
| Later Tang | 923---936 A.D. | Luoyang | Luoyang, Henan province | Lin Cunxu |
| Later Jin | 936---946 A.D. | Bian | Kaifeng, Henan province | Shi Jingtang |
| Later Han | 947---950 A.D. | Bian | Kaifeng, Henan province | Liugao |
| Later Zhou | 951---960 A.D. | Bian | Kaifeng, Henan province | Guowei |
| Song Dynasty | Northern Song | 960---1127 A.D. | Kaifeng | Kaifeng, Henan province | Zhao Kuangyin |
| Southern Song | 1127---1279 A.D. | Lin’an | Lin’an, Zhejiang province | Zhaogou |
| Liao | 907---1125 A.D. | Shangjin | Bairui zuoqi, inner mongolia | Yelv A Baoji |
| Western Xia | 1032---1227 A.D. | Xingqing | Yinchuan, Ningxia province | Li Yuanhao |
| Jin | 1115---1234 A.D. | Zhongdu | Beijing | Wanyan A Guda |
| Yuan Dynasty | 1206---1368 A.D. | Dadu | Beijing | Kublai Khan |
| Ming Dynasty | 1368---1644 A.D. | Beijing | Beijing | Zhu Yuanzhang |
| Qing Dynasty (the last feudal dynasty of China) | 1644---1911 A.D. | Beijing | Beijing | Huang Taiji |
| Republic of China | 1912---1949 A.D. | Nanjing | Nanjing | Sun Zhongshan |
| People’s Republic of China | People’s Republic of China established on Oct.1, 1949. Beijing is the capital. | Mao Zedong （the first chairman of People’s Republic of China |
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Release time:2021-03-05
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